臺灣農藥科學第四期電子書

36 臺灣農藥科學 第 4 期 B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki E911 and chemical insecticides (pyrethroids, neonico- tinoids, avermectins, milbemycins, or carbamates) used full or half-recommended concen- tration to P. xylostella were independent effect or synergistic effect. This indicates that mixing B. thuringiensis with the aforementioned chemical insecticides did not lead to ad- verse effects. However, when B. thuringiensis was mixed with organophosphate or chemi- cal insecticides (at full or half recommended concentration) that contained emulsifiable concentrates, antagonistic effects were observed; therefore, B. thuringiensis should not be mixed with these compounds . In contrast, mixing B. thuringiensis with chemical fungi- cides that contained emulsifiable concentrates yielded a mixture that was less toxic than was B. thuringiensis alone. This suggests that, if the primary pests only belong to the order Lepidoptera, strong control can be achieved when only B. thuringiensis is used . Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis , co-toxicity coefficient, pesticide mixture, antagonistic effect, independent effect, synergistic effect.